Mercedes-Benz Citaro
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The Mercedes-Benz Citaro is a single-decker, rigid or articulated bus manufactured by
Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz (), commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand established in 1926. Mercedes-Benz AG (a Mercedes-Benz Group subsidiary established in 2019) is headquartere ...
/
EvoBus EvoBus GmbH is a German bus and coach manufacturer headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany and a wholly owned subsidiary of Daimler Truck AG. Its products go to market under the brands Setra or Mercedes-Benz. History In 1995, the bus division of ...
. Introduced in 1997, the Citaro is available in a range of configurations, and is in widespread use throughout Europe and parts of Asia, with more than 55,000 produced by December 2019.


History

The first generation Citaro was launched in 1997, as a successor to the
Mercedes-Benz O405 The Mercedes-Benz O405 was a single-decker bus manufactured by Mercedes-Benz from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s as either an integral bus or a bus chassis and was the last VöV SL-II standard bus in production. It was the replacement for th ...
. In 2005, an updated version of the Citaro to coincide with the introduction of
Euro IV The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a seri ...
- (and later
Euro V The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a seri ...
- and EEV-) compliant engines. Apart from minor technical alterations, mainly to accommodate the new generation of engines, the external design received a facelift to give the buses a less angular look, with internal panelling altered accordingly. Production of the old model ceased by autumn 2006. In 2006 the Citaro received a much more substantial facelift, which can be seen from the outside by a revised front and rear design (analogous to the recently introduced low-entry buses). The hitherto characteristic feature of the first series, the "washboard trim" on the front of the vehicle, which was also available as a front advertising area and smooth surface without Mercedes star, accounted for a somewhat rounded front baffle. The lateral sweep of the front turn signals was reversed. In May 2011, the second generation Citaro, referred to internally as the C2, was launched. From 2012, the C2 could also be equipped with Euro 6 engines. The C2 versions of the Citaro LE models were the last to be presented, at Busworld
Kortrijk Kortrijk ( , ; vls, Kortryk or ''Kortrik''; french: Courtrai ; la, Cortoriacum), sometimes known in English as Courtrai or Courtray ( ), is a Belgian City status in Belgium, city and Municipalities in Belgium, municipality in the Flemish Regio ...
in October 2013.


Models

There are three basic versions of the Citaro available in 2019: The standard 12m Citaro, the shorter 10m Citaro K and the articulated 18m Citaro G.
Hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ...
versions of all three lengths and one full electric version with standard and articulated versions are also available.


Urban model (Current)

The standard
urban Urban means "related to a city". In that sense, the term may refer to: * Urban area, geographical area distinct from rural areas * Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities Urban may also refer to: General * Urban (name), a list of people ...
model is available in a number of versions: *O530 diesel: solo bus, length 12m, 2 axles, horizontal or vertical engine, 2 or 3 doors, even with front door only (in countries with left-hand traffic) *O530 eCitaro/battery-electric: solo bus with full electric drive (battery), length 12m, 2 axles, 2 or 3 doors *O530 diesel-electric Hybrid: solo bus with diesel-electric drive, length 12m, 2 axles, 2 or 3 doors *O530 NGT: solo bus with natural gas drive, length 12m, 2 axles, 2 or 3 doors *O530 NGT Hybrid: solo bus with natural gas-electric drive, length 12m, 2 axles, 2 or 3 doors *O530 G diesel: articulated bus, length 18m, 3 axles, horizontal or vertical engine, 3 or 4 doors, also with 2 doors only (in countries with left-hand traffic) *O530 G diesel-electric Hybrid: articulated bus with diesel-electric drive, length 18m, 3 axles, 3 or 4 doors *O530 G NGT: articulated bus with natural gas drive, length 18m, 3 axles, 3 or 4 doors *O530 GL: articulated bus (long) ( CapaCity), length 19.5m, 4 axles, 3 or 4 doors *O530 GL II: articulated bus (long) ( CapaCity L), length 21.0m, 4 axles, 4 or 5 doors (metro package) *O530 K diesel:
midibus A midibus is a classification of single-decker minibuses which are generally larger than a traditional minibus but smaller than a full-size single decker and can be anywhere between and long. While used in many parts of the world, the mi ...
, length 10.5m, 2 axles, horizontal or vertical engine, 2 or 3 doors *O530 K diesel-electric Hybrid: midibus with diesel-electric drive, length 10.5m, 2 axles, 2 or 3 doors *O530 LE diesel: low entry solo bus, length 12m, 2 axles, horizontal engine, 2 or 3 doors (the 3rd door is only available as single door) *O530 LE Hybrid: low entry solo bus with diesel-electric drive, length 12m, 2 axles, 2 or 3 doors (the 3rd door is only available as single door)


Suburban / interurban model (Current)

A series of suburban/interurban versions is also produced, with single front doors and all seats fitted on platforms: *O530 GÜ: articulated bus, length 18m, 3 axles, 3 doors *O530 LE Ü: low-entry solo bus, length 12m, 2 axles, 2 doors *O530 LE MÜ: low-entry (medium length), length 13m, 2 axles, 2 or 3 doors (the 3rd door is only available as single door) *O530 Ü diesel: solo bus, length 12m, 2 axles, 2 doors *O530 Hybrid Ü: solo bus with diesel-electric drive, length 12m, 2 axles, 2 doors


Discontinued models


Urban

*O530 CNG: natural gas drive, length 12m, 2 axles, 2 or 3 doors (renamed as O530 NGT) *O530 G CNG: articulated bus with natural gas drive, length 18m, 3 axles, 3 or 4 doors (renamed as O530 G NGT) *O530 FuelCell Hybrid: hydrogen-fuel cell hybrid drive, length 12m, 2 axles, 3 doors *O530 G BlueTec Hybrid: articulated bus with diesel-electric hybrid drive, length 18m, 3 axles, 3 or 4 doors *O530 L: solo bus (long), length 15m, 3 axles, 2 or 3 doors


Suburban / interurban

*O530 MÜ: solo bus (medium length), length 13m, 2 axles, 2 doors *O530 LÜ: solo bus (long), length 15m, 3 axles, 2 or 3 doors


Specifications

Operators are able to choose between two different front stylings: the standard design features an angled
destination display A destination sign (North American English) or destination indicator/destination blind (British English) is a sign mounted on the front, side or rear of a public transport vehicle, such as a bus, tram/streetcar or light rail vehicle, that dis ...
, like a roof dome, and is primarily marketed for
urban bus Urban means "related to a city". In that sense, the term may refer to: * Urban area, geographical area distinct from rural areas * Urban culture, the culture of towns and cities Urban may also refer to: General * Urban (name), a list of people ...
es, while a version with a one-piece windscreen covering the
destination display A destination sign (North American English) or destination indicator/destination blind (British English) is a sign mounted on the front, side or rear of a public transport vehicle, such as a bus, tram/streetcar or light rail vehicle, that dis ...
also is available and is primarily intended for interurban use. However, all models are available with either version. With the introduction of 2nd generation Citaro, the front destination display was slightly enlarged, which juts a bit out of the vehicle roof. As a result, Mercedes-Benz designed a small fairing at both sides of destination display. This fairing is available on all models by default. Later, after the introduction of
Euro VI The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a ser ...
version, which results a complete structural change in engine compartment, also the rear destination display was enlarged and added with a fairing. However, afterwards, customers are also able to order a front display without fairing, whether urban or interurban versions. Other customizations include the number and type of doors as well as the interior layout. Two types of seats are offered as part of the standard range, again with a basic model for urban use and an enhanced version for longer-distance routes, although both also are available on all models. Aside from the usual
diesel engine The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-call ...
s, the Citaro is also available with a powerful
Euro VI The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a ser ...
natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...
engine M936G rated by 222 kW. It can be optionally combined with the new
hybrid system A hybrid system is a dynamical system that exhibits both continuous and discrete dynamic behavior – a system that can both ''flow'' (described by a differential equation) and ''jump'' (described by a state machine or automaton). Often, the te ...
of
Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz (), commonly referred to as Mercedes and sometimes as Benz, is a German luxury and commercial vehicle automotive brand established in 1926. Mercedes-Benz AG (a Mercedes-Benz Group subsidiary established in 2019) is headquartere ...
, which helps to save more fuel and lower emissions.


Non-standard bodies

As a one-off, German operators
üstra üstra Hannoversche Verkehrsbetriebe AG is the operator of public transport in the city of Hanover, Germany. The company is a member of the Großraum-Verkehr Hannover (GVH) transport association. From 2003 to 2006, it had outsourced its opera ...
of
Hanover Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest city in Northern Germany ...
and LVB of
Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as wel ...
took delivery of a batch of Citaros bodied to a special design by James Irvine for
Expo 2000 Expo 2000 was a World Expo held in Hanover, Germany from 1 June to 31 October 2000. It was located on the Hanover Fairground (Messegelände Hannover), which is the largest exhibition ground in the world. Initially some 40 million people were expe ...
. Leipzig's vehicles were lent to Hanover for the duration of the exhibition, but subsequently returned to normal service in their home city. All other Citaros bodied by Mercedes-Benz were to standard designs, however a number of chassis were bodied by independent manufacturers, most notably
Hess Hess or Heß may refer to: * Hess (surname), also ''Heß'' in German, people with the surname Hess * Hess, Oklahoma, a community in the United States * Hess Educational Organization, the largest private provider of English instruction in the Rep ...
of Switzerland. However, the Citaro has more recently only been sold as a complete product. In 2007 the workshops of the
Szeged Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...
(Hungary) bus operator SZKT converted a regular Citaro to a trolleybus. As of April 2010, five such buses are already serving as a trolley and more examples are in preparation in the near future. In 2009, the Centre of Ambulance Services in
Dubai Dubai (, ; ar, دبي, translit=Dubayy, , ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, the most populated of the 7 emirates of the United Arab Emirates.The Government and Politics of ...
took delivery of three Citaros, which had been modified to become the world's largest
ambulance An ambulance is a medically equipped vehicle which transports patients to treatment facilities, such as hospitals. Typically, out-of-hospital medical care is provided to the patient during the transport. Ambulances are used to respond to medi ...
s. In 2010, the French city
Rennes Rennes (; br, Roazhon ; Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern France at the confluence of the Ille and the Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the region of Brittany, as well as the Ille-et-Vilaine department ...
ordered a longer version of the Citaro, the Citaro M, which is 13 meters long with an urban arrangement. 15 vehicles were built over the chassis of the Setra S416NF.


Hydrogen fuel cell version

Even though the usual Citaro models are powered by
diesel Diesel may refer to: * Diesel engine, an internal combustion engine where ignition is caused by compression * Diesel fuel, a liquid fuel used in diesel engines * Diesel locomotive, a railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a diesel engin ...
or
natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...
, there is also a
hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, an ...
fuel cell A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. Fuel cells are different from most batteries in requ ...
-powered version, designated ''Citaro BZ'' or ''O530BZ'' (BZ stands for "Brennstoffzelle" in German, or "fuel cell" in English). During the combustion process, only water steam are produced, so the vehicle is very environmentally friendly. The hydrogen tanks are located in the roof, which results an increased vehicle height at . These buses have 3 doors, low floor configurations, and are capable for a top speed of . About 35 of these buses have been in service in a variety of different world cities in order to test the feasibility of hydrogen fuel cells in numerous countries or continents (including UK,
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
and
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
), different operating circumstances and different conditions, especially weather conditions.


Hybrid electric version

The Mercedes-Benz Citaro G BlueTec Hybrid is a
series-hybrid Hybrid vehicle drivetrains transmit power to the driving wheels for hybrid vehicles. A hybrid vehicle has multiple forms of motive power. Hybrids come in many configurations. For example, a hybrid may receive its energy by burning gasoline, but s ...
articulated bus with a compact 450 kg, 4-cylinder, 4.8-litre, 160 kW, Euro 4 OM-924LA diesel engine providing power for a roof-mounted 19.4 kWh
lithium-ion battery A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery which uses the reversible reduction of lithium ions to store energy. It is the predominant battery type used in portable consumer electronics and electric vehicles. It also se ...
pack, and four 80 kW electric wheel
hub motor The wheel hub motor (also called wheel motor, wheel hub drive, hub motor or in-wheel motor) is an electric motor that is incorporated into the hub of a wheel and drives it directly. History * First wheel motor concept: Wellington Adams of ...
s located on the centre and rear axles. (Contrast a conventional bus diesel engine: 6-cylinder, 12-litre, 1,000 kg.) The battery pack is also charged by
regenerative braking Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism that slows down a moving vehicle or object by converting its kinetic energy into a form that can be either used immediately or stored until needed. In this mechanism, the electric traction mo ...
(recuperation). The manufacturer anticipates fuel consumption 20% lower than conventional diesel Citaros. In 2010, selected bendy buses were delivered in hybrid version to Wuppertal, Stuttgart, Krefeld, Hamburg and Mülheim. Other buses were also delivered to Essen, Duisburg, Munich, Mainz, Hamburg and Rostock are also in the rigid versions. The Dresden and Leipzig also delivered their Citaro hybrid buses in 2011. Eventually, Daimler decided to not to upgrade ''BlueTec Hybrid'' variants to second generation of Citaro. Instead, in 2017, they launched Citaro Hybrid variants of Citaro (diesel) and NGT, which uses
mild hybrid Mild hybrids (also known as power-assist hybrids, battery-assisted hybrid vehicles or BAHVs) are generally cars with an internal combustion engine equipped with an electric machine (one motor/generator in a parallel hybrid configuration) allowing t ...
drive, much cheaper to manufacture than ''BlueTec Hybrid'' drive. It uses 14 kW, disc-shaped electric motor mounted between combustion engine and transmission for energy recuperation and can provide a torque of up to 220 Nm.


Battery version / eCitaro

Since 2015,
Aachen Aachen ( ; ; Aachen dialect: ''Oche'' ; French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle; or ''Aquisgranum''; nl, Aken ; Polish: Akwizgran) is, with around 249,000 inhabitants, the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, and the 28th- ...
Transport runs a battery-powered Citaro articulated bus as a test in scheduled operation. The vehicle was converted in 2014 from a hybrid bus to a battery bus. They removed all diesel components and installed 1300 traction batteries with a total capacity of approximately 180 kWh. The axle loads remained unchanged. The vehicle has four wheel hub motors with 60 kW continuous power on the second and third axle and has a range of more than . The conversion was carried out as part of the EU project Civitas (Cleaner and better transport in cities) and was funded by the Aachen Transport Association to 75 percent. The costs for the hardware (e.g. batteries) amounted to approximately 700,000 euros. Mercedes-Benz tested prototypes of the Citaro with full electric drive. The bus features a modular battery pack design and use the same electric wheel hub motors as the Citaro G BlueTec Hybrid. It was launched at the IAA Commercial Vehicles show in Hanover in September 2018 as eCitaro. It uses modified bodywork of standard Citaro with front adopted from Daimler's concept ''Future Bus''. It was first launched as 12 m solo bus. Later, an articulated 18 m version of eCitaro (also known as eCitaro G) was added to offer. On 15 November 2018, the first series of eCitaro was delivered to its first customer: Hochbahn AG, a public transport company in
Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...
, with a total of 20 at last. In year 2019, more customers started operating eCitaros, including Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr GmbH (RNV),
Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe The (German: 'Berlin Transport Company') is the main public transport company of Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It manages the city's underground railway, tram, bus, replacement services (, EV) and ferry networks, but not the urban ra ...
(BVG), Zugerland Verkehrsbetriebe (ZVB), and Bus Ostschweiz (BOS). This was also followed with orders from Verkehrsbetriebe
Hamburg (male), (female) en, Hamburger(s), Hamburgian(s) , timezone1 = Central (CET) , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = Central (CEST) , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal ...
-Holstein (VHH) with 16 buses, ESWE Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH from
Wiesbaden Wiesbaden () is a city in central western Germany and the capital of the state of Hesse. , it had 290,955 inhabitants, plus approximately 21,000 United States citizens (mostly associated with the United States Army). The Wiesbaden urban area ...
with 56, and ÜSTRA from
Hannover Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German States of Germany, state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germa ...
with 48. Mercedes-Benz also received orders from foreign countries, which contains
Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...
,
Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...
, and
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
. In addition, the eCitaro has been crowned to City Bus of the Year 2019 in
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...
on 11 February 2019. In 2021, the national bus operator of
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
, Volánbusz ordered 40 eCitaros. In 2023, a version with a Toyota hydrogen fuel cell range extender will be offered.


Overhead wire version

Because
EvoBus EvoBus GmbH is a German bus and coach manufacturer headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany and a wholly owned subsidiary of Daimler Truck AG. Its products go to market under the brands Setra or Mercedes-Benz. History In 1995, the bus division of ...
itself does not offer
trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...
es, the transport companies of the Hungarian city of
Szeged Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...
independently built six second-hand Citaro solo vehicles into trolleybuses between 2006 and 2010. This is expected to save on spare parts inventory - this can be done together with the same diesel buses of the dispenser series - as well as lower acquisition costs compared to standard production trolleybuses. The modified type designation is O-530 Tr12, the six wagons bear the operating numbers T-860 to T-865. In 2012, two Citaro trolleybuses also went into operation in Polish
Gdynia Gdynia ( ; ; german: Gdingen (currently), (1939–1945); csb, Gdiniô, , , ) is a city in northern Poland and a seaport on the Baltic Sea coast. With a population of 243,918, it is the List of cities in Poland, 12th-largest city in Poland and ...
. The cars with the numbers 3053 and 3054 originated from used acquired diesel buses from Berlin, which had been delivered in 2002.


CapaCity

Mercedes-Benz CapaCity (also known as O530 GL) is a large-capacity articulated bus based on Citaro G, which was introduced in year 2007. The 1st generation CapaCity is 19.54m long and can carry up to 186 passengers. It features exactly the same turning circle as that of its shorter related Citaro G (17.94m length) thanks actively steered electro hydraulic fourth axle. The safety is guaranteed by
Electronic Braking System In the automotive industry, brake-by-wire technology is the ability to control brakes through electrical means. It can be designed to supplement ordinary service brakes or it can be a standalone brake system. This technology is widely used on al ...
(EBS),
anti-lock brakes An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a automobile safety, safety anti-Skid (automobile), skid Brake, braking system used on aircraft and on land motor vehicle, vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. ABS operates by preventing t ...
(ABS), acceleration skid control (ASR), and the passenger comfort is improved by independent front suspensions. It is both available with 3 and 4 doors. There are also CapaCitys with BRT-Design, which can be recognized by their changed exterior. These buses are currently in service in
Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
, Turkey, and
Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approxim ...
, Slovakia. The 2nd generation CapaCity was first presented in year 2014. However, it is the long version "CapaCity L" (21m) which became available at the beginning. The shorter version "CapaCity" with a length of 19.7m was added later. They are all based on the modular system of Mercedes-Benz Citaro. The new feature "Articulation Turntable Controller" (ATC) prevents additionally from
jackknifing Jackknifing is the folding of an articulated vehicle so that it resembles the acute angle of a folding pocket knife. If a vehicle towing a trailer skids, the trailer can push the towing vehicle from behind until it spins the vehicle around and ...
. CapaCity L can carry 191 passengers with standard equipment, CapaCity 182 passengers. They are offered with four doors by default, but with "Metro Package", CapaCity L is also available with five doors, which is better constructed for
BRT BRT may refer to: Transportation * Block register territory, a method for dispatching trains * British Rail Telecommunications * Brookhaven Rail Terminal * Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company, a former transit holding company in New York City * Bro ...
services. According to Daimler, CapaCity L is the diesel powered urban bus which uses the least fuel per passenger space.


Conecto

In year 2007, the 2nd generation Conecto was presented and is both available as standard 12m and articulated 18m version. They are however only available with 3 doors (solo version) and 4 doors (articulated version). Unlike its predecessor as an independent model series (a step-entrance bus derived from O405, model designation O345), it is a technically simplified version of Citaro or Citaro G, with low floor configuration and vertical engines. It is recognizable with the changed exterior design and small differences in interior's design in opposition to Citaro and is mainly sold in eastern Europe, the Middle East and west Asia. The 3rd generation is, since 2018, also sold in Italy (when low-floor Conecto was never officially sold before). Like previous step-entrance Conecto models, the low-floor Conecto is also produced at Mercedes-Benz Türk factory in
Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
,
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
. In September 2016, the 3rd generation Conecto was presented in Warsaw, Poland. Several improvements were done for the new Conecto, as well as driving safety, passenger comfort, handling and Euro 6 engines, while the operation costs still stay low. Examples for high standard of safety are
Electronic Stability Program Electronic stability control (ESC), also referred to as electronic stability program (ESP) or dynamic stability control (DSC), is a computerized technology that improves a vehicle's stability by detecting and reducing loss of traction ( skiddi ...
(ESP) on solo versions and Articulation Turntable Controller (ATC) on articulated versions. Conecto and Conecto G NGT powered by natural gas are also available for the first time. Like the 2nd generation, the 3rd generation Conecto is solely available with 3 doors (solo version) and 4 doors (articulated version). In 3rd generation Conecto, only Euro VI-compliant engines are available (OM936 in 12 m, OM470 in 18 m and M936G in gas versions); the 2nd generation Conecto, with Euro V-compliant engines (OM926LA in 12 m and OM457LA in 18 m models), continues to be marketed in certain non-EU developing markets in eastern Europe, the Middle East and west Asia, alongside the 3rd generation Conecto.


Production

The Citaro is currently built in factories in
Mannheim Mannheim (; Palatine German: or ), officially the University City of Mannheim (german: Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's 2 ...
, Germany, and
Ligny-en-Barrois Ligny-en-Barrois () is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The town is in the arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc, beside the canal that links the rivers Rhine and Marne, fifteen kilometres to the south east of Bar- ...
, France. It was also built in Sámano in Spain. The low-cost-variant Conecto is produced by Mercedes-Benz Türk A.Ş. in Hoşdere,
Başakşehir Başakşehir is one of the 39 second-level districts in Greater Istanbul, Turkey. The population of Başakşehir is 311,095 as of 2012. It is in the European part of Istanbul. History Former name of the area was Azatlık. The area specialized ...
,
Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
,
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
.


Operators


Europe


Germany

In May 2018, the
Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe The (German: 'Berlin Transport Company') is the main public transport company of Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It manages the city's underground railway, tram, bus, replacement services (, EV) and ferry networks, but not the urban ra ...
(BVG) placed an order for a total of 950 new Citaros: 350 Citaros and 600 Citaro Gs, the first of which was delivered on 20 November 2018. Their engines all meet the
Euro VI The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a ser ...
standard, have low fuel consumption and lower emissions. The BVG also placed a second order for 15 eCitaro, which were delivered in the first quarter of 2019. The Mercedes-Benz Citaro is also widely used in the rest of Germany. The
Hamburger Hochbahn Hamburger Hochbahn AG (HHA), founded in 1911, operates the underground system and large parts of the bus system in Hamburg, Germany. History The HHA was founded by Siemens & Halske and AEG as a consortium on 27 May 1911. The first chairman ...
has operated the Citaro since 1997 and has over time, ordered over 1000 in total. DB Stadtverkehr GmbH, a subsidiary of
Deutsche Bahn The (; abbreviated as DB or DB AG) is the national railway company of Germany. Headquartered in the Bahntower in Berlin, it is a joint-stock company ( AG). The Federal Republic of Germany is its single shareholder. describes itself as the se ...
, operates a large number of Citaro or rather Citaro G. They are used in scheduled urban and interurban services in numerous
federal states A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government (federalism). In a federation, the self-governi ...
and cities, e.g.
Aachen Aachen ( ; ; Aachen dialect: ''Oche'' ; French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle; or ''Aquisgranum''; nl, Aken ; Polish: Akwizgran) is, with around 249,000 inhabitants, the 13th-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, and the 28th- ...
,
Düsseldorf Düsseldorf ( , , ; often in English sources; Low Franconian and Ripuarian: ''Düsseldörp'' ; archaic nl, Dusseldorp ) is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in th ...
, München,
Münster Münster (; nds, Mönster) is an independent city (''Kreisfreie Stadt'') in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Westphalia region. It is also a state di ...
, and
Stuttgart Stuttgart (; Swabian: ; ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known as the ''Stuttgarter Kessel'' (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the ...
.


Slovakia

In 2008 to 2013 Bratislava ordered 41 large buses of type Mercedes-Benz CapaCity to replace buses of types Ikarus 435 and Diesel buses Karosa B741. The first bus entered into service in December 2008 on route 96 with evidence number 1999. In 2010 ordered in total 25 buses and in 2012 ordered 15 buses. Bratislava also ordered 1 Citaro CNG with number 2020. Citaro CNG entered to service in November 2009 To February 2018 and today bus Citaro CNG is sold to private owner. In 2002 Nitra ordered 1 Citaro only for route 28. Original transparents are being replaced in summer 2013 with R&G Mielec. Public transport in Poprad operates 12 buses of versions K (delivered in 1/22) 4pcs, O 530 2pcs, C2 6pcs delivered in (2020) In 2022 Blaguss Slovakia purchased 5 buses from
Wiener Linien Wiener Linien (Viennese Lines) is the company running most of the public transit network in the city of Vienna, Austria. It is part of the city corporation Wiener Stadtwerke Holding AG. Governing structure and statistics Until decentralisation ...
for public transport in
Ružomberok Ružomberok (; german: Rosenberg; hu, Rózsahegy; pl, Rużomberk) is a town in northern Slovakia, in the historical Liptov region. It has a population of around 27,000 inhabitants (45,000 with nearby villages). Etymology The name of the initia ...
.


Hungary

In Hungary, VT-Arriva purchased 159 to operate services in
Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...
for
Budapesti Közlekedési Központ The Budapesti Közlekedési Központ (BKK), officially ''Budapesti Közlekedési Központ Zrt.'' (), is the largest public transport company in Budapest and one of the largest in Europe. It was founded on January 1, 2011. BKK operates buses (200+ ...
(BKK) in 2013, followed by two more units the year after.


The Netherlands

Connexxion had ordered a total of 255 buses throughout 1998 and 2014. That 255 contains the order of the 75 buses in 2019. Besides that they placed another order of 33 Capacity L buses. The RET, from Rotterdam, has made 2 orders in 2006 and 2008 for a total of 166 Citaro buses. In 2010 they made another small order of 2 hybrid Citaro articulated buses. Syntus, in the eastern side of the Netherlands, placed two orders for 33 buses. 11 Citaro CNG single buses under the moniker "Gelderland" and 22 articulated CNG buses under the moniker "Veluwelijn". In 2009,
Qbuzz Qbuzz is a public transport company in the Netherlands that operates services in South Holland, Utrecht, Drenthe and Groningen. Founded in 2008, it was a 100% subsidiary of Nederlandse Spoorwegen (the Dutch National Railway Operator) betwee ...
ordered 390 while Connexxion ordered 75. As of 2018 Connexxion under the R-Net moniker took delivery of several CapaCity L models. In 2014 Qbuzz ordered another 138 buses for Utrecht under the moniker "U-OV."


Romania

Between 2005 and 2009
Regia Autonomă de Transport București The Regia ("Royal house") was a two-part structure in Ancient Rome lying along the Via Sacra at the edge of the Roman Forum that originally served as the residence or one of the main headquarters of kings of Rome and later as the office of the ...
(now called STB) purchased 1,000 Citaros, 500 euro 3 first model and 500 euro 4 from the Mercedes-Benz Citaro facelift. In September 2019, STB ordered 130 Citaro Hybrid buses with deliveries to begin in the spring of 2020.


Spain

In 2016,
Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid The Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid (also known as EMT Madrid) is the company charged with the planning of public urban transport in the city in Madrid, Spain. The organization is wholly owned by the City Council of Madrid and is a me ...
(EMT Madrid) ordered 82
natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...
versions of the Citaro, known as the Citaro NGT. The following year, it placed an order for a further 314 buses, and in 2018 it placed another order for a further 276 buses, for a total of 672 buses, all of which are due to enter service by 2020.


Portugal

In 2000, Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (CCFL) acquired 39 diesel variants of the Citaro, with 3 doors, ZF 5HP502 and OM457hla chassis and, later that year,
Sociedade de Transportes Colectivos do Porto STCP (Sociedade de Transportes Colectivos do Porto, E.I.M., S.A., lit. ''Porto Public Transport Society'') is the public transport company that runs the bus and tram service in Greater Porto, Portugal. Created in 1946, it took over the Porto tr ...
(STCP) bought 75 bodywork-based Citaros, with
Salvador Caetano Grupo Salvador Caetano, SGPS, SA or simply Salvador Caetano is a Portuguese holding based in Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal that controls some enterprises on vehicle assembly, components and distribution business. It had a turnover of €1.6 billi ...
CityGold bodywork, OM906hla chassis and Voith D851.3 gearbox, the only series in the world with a 3-speed gearbox. Afterwards, Transportes Colectivos do Barreiro (TCB) and Serviços Municipalizados dos Transportes Urbanos de Coimbra (SMTUC) purchased (since 2001) this model, the case of the first one between the Euro 2, Euro 3, Euro 4 and the Facelift versions, and the second company just the Euro 2 and Euro 3 variants. Both companies also acquired used Citaros, with TCB purchasing four ex-De Lijn vehicles with Euro 3 and SMTUC with a 1997 ex-Hochbahn Citaro (previously owned by Linhares, and also the first used Citaro to Portugal), four ex-Nobina with 3-door and anti-fire system (one already out due to fire) and one with vertical engine, listed as a temporary bus. Besides the ex-Hochbahn Citaro in Linhares, Rodoviária de Lisboa purchased the Uberland variant of the Citaro, being the second vehicle as second hand purchase. In 2004, STCP tested three Citaro Fuel Cell models for two years, part of the CUTE project for the hydrogen tests through some European countries. Along with those, three Euro 3 Citaros were offered to the company to complement the Fuel Cell tests. One of the hydrogen buses is saved as part of a possible museum (this one has its engine removed) and two of the Citaros are still in circulation (one of them was burned down caused by the engine in December 2016). Since 2008, CCFL purchased the articulated variant of the Citaro Facelift (Citaro G) in two gearbox segments: Voith Diwa 5 and ZF EcoLife. These ones allowed to replace the older Volvo B10M articulated buses from 1991 through 1993 (20 at 2008 and 30 at 2010). In 2010, Empresa de Transportes Gondomarense bought five Citaro K (midi variant) for bus lines with small numbers of passengers. Since then, various Citaro models were second hand buses from Spain and Germany, mostly. In 2018, part of the PO-SEUR project from the
Portuguese Government , border = Central , image = , caption = , date = , state = Portuguese Republic , address = Official Residence of the Prime Minister Estrela, Lisbon , appointed = President ...
, CCFL acquired 40 Citaro C2G NGT (natural gas) buses to replace the 1995 and 1997 Volvo B10M articulated buses, along with 125 CaetanoBus bodied MAN 18.310 CNG. Besides these ones, Scotturb also acquired 1+20 Citaro C2K, 10 of them are hybrid, for the Circuito da Pena line. This is also from the time when second hand Citaro C2 are put in circulation, like in Rodoviária de Lisboa having 2013 C2 ex-Dr. Richard, from Vienna.


Italy

In 2001,
ATAC ATAC, or Atac, may refer to: * Airborne Tactical Advantage Company, a U.S. government contractor which operates foreign military aircraft for training purposes * Anti-Terrorist Action Command, a fictional police organization in the 1981 movie ''N ...
of Rome ordered 183 Citaro MU interurban model with a blue livery and two doors. This was followed by 301 Citaros urban and suburban model in the normal ATAC grey livery with 2 and 3 doors, in 2004. They operate on many routes, including 63, 88, 98, 443, 559, 775 and 881 and many lines around Ostia. ATAC have also introduced 100 new Citaro C2 Hybrid 12m buses entering service in June 2021. Outside of the capital, ATM of
Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
took a delivery of 112 Citaro G bendy buses (in late 2008). These are fleet numbered 2901-2984 (4 door model) and 1300-1327 (3 door model) and are mainly seen on routes 70, 73, 94 (2900-2984), 727 and 729 (1300-1327). This was followed by a batch of 2 Citaro G Hybrid in 2011 (2590 and 2591), only allocated to route 94, as well as 3 Citaro Hydrogen 12m in 2012 (2000 to 2002), allocated to route 84. In 2008, ANM of
Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
took delivery of 44 gas powered Citaro Facelift CNG 12
TPLITALIA.IT
These currently run on routes R2 and 151, but can often be seen on other routes operated from the Via delle Puglie depot (such as 601 and R5). Previously, some of these were branded for the ALIBUS route (Airport to City Centre) route until late 2018, when they got displaced by a new fleet of MenariniBus Citymood 10m buses. The buses were supplied by a regional order by Campania which included a total of 58 buses being ordered. The other 14 went to BusItalia of
Salerno Salerno (, , ; nap, label= Salernitano, Saliernë, ) is an ancient city and ''comune'' in Campania (southwestern Italy) and is the capital of the namesake province, being the second largest city in the region by number of inhabitants, after ...
(at the time CSTP), fleet numbered CITA01-CITA1
TPLITALIA.IT
Once again by a regional order, a further 20 Citaro K C2 Euro 6 were delivered to Naples, fleet numbered N201 to N220. Citaros are also very popular in, but not limited to, Venice (
ACTV Actv S.p.A. (Azienda del Consorzio Trasporti Veneziano) is a public company responsible for public transportation in Venice and Chioggia municipalities and for interurban bus services in province of Venice. ACTV is not responsible for Venice Pe ...
), Trieste (Trieste Trasporti), Cagliari ( CTM and
ARST ARST is a Paralympic archery classification. It is a standing class. This class includes Les Autres sportspeople. People from this class compete in the sport at the Paralympic Games. Some people in this class can use stools or have an assist ...
) and Bologna (
TPER Trasporto Passeggeri Emilia-Romagna (TPER, Italian for ''Emilia-Romagna passenger transportation'') is a public company overseeing public transportation in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, in the province of Ferrara and in parts of the province ...
). Some of these companies also run Citaro U interurban buses.


United Kingdom


=London

=
Right-hand drive Left-hand traffic (LHT) and right-hand traffic (RHT) are the practices, in bidirectional traffic, of keeping to the left side or to the right side of the road, respectively. They are fundamental to traffic flow, and are sometimes referred to ...
versions of the articulated Citaro G were introduced in
London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
on 2 June 2002, on routes
507 __NOTOC__ Year 507 ( DVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Anastasius and Venantius (or, less frequently, year 1260 ...
and 521. They were eventually used on 12 routes across London, and were operated by various Transport for London operators including East London,
First London First London was a bus company operating services in east and west Greater London, England. It was a subsidiary of FirstGroup and operated buses under contract to Transport for London. It was formed in the late 1990s through the acquisition o ...
,
London Central London Central is a bus company operating in South London. It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group and operates services under contract to Transport for London. History London Central commenced operating on 1 April 1989 when London Buse ...
,
London General London General is a bus company operating in Greater London. It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group and operates services under contract to Transport for London. The company is named after the London General Omnibus Company, the principal ...
and
Selkent Selkent (an acronym of South East London & Kent) is a bus company operating in central and south London and some parts of north-west Kent. It is a subsidiary brand of Stagecoach London and operates services under contract to Transport for London ...
. In 2003 and 2004, four Citaro Gs caught fire, although there were no casualties involved. One was burnt on its delivery journey. Mercedes-Benz did address the problem, though the buses were withdrawn for some time which the saw the brief return of the just-retired
AEC Routemaster The AEC Routemaster is a Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout, front-engined double-decker bus that was designed by London Transport Executive, London Transport and built by the Associated Equipment Company (AEC) and Park Royal Vehicles. The ...
s. Unfortunately, the fires are said to have marred the reputation of articulated buses in the United Kingdom, and some people nicknaming them ''
Chariots of Fire ''Chariots of Fire'' is a 1981 British historical sports drama film directed by Hugh Hudson, written by Colin Welland and produced by David Puttnam. It is based on the true story of two British athletes in the 1924 Olympics: Eric Liddell ...
''. The final Citaro G in London was withdrawn in December 2011. Eight-one of Arriva London's examples were exported for use with Arriva Malta. The first Citaros in London were 12 rigids introduced by
First London First London was a bus company operating services in east and west Greater London, England. It was a subsidiary of FirstGroup and operated buses under contract to Transport for London. It was formed in the late 1990s through the acquisition o ...
on 27 April 2002 on route RV1. Others purchasers of rigids were
London General London General is a bus company operating in Greater London. It is a subsidiary of the Go-Ahead Group and operates services under contract to Transport for London. The company is named after the London General Omnibus Company, the principal ...
for routes
507 __NOTOC__ Year 507 ( DVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Anastasius and Venantius (or, less frequently, year 1260 ...
and 521 in 2008, and
Quality Line Quality Line was a bus company based in Epsom, England. A subsidiary of the RATP Group, Quality Line operated bus services throughout the South West London and Surrey area, with many under contract to Transport for London. It ceased operations ...
for routes X26 in 2011 and 413 in 2016.


=Rest of the UK

= Many of the former London Citaro Gs saw further service with various
Arriva Arriva plc is a British multinational public transport company headquartered in Sunderland, England.BRT BRT may refer to: Transportation * Block register territory, a method for dispatching trains * British Rail Telecommunications * Brookhaven Rail Terminal * Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company, a former transit holding company in New York City * Bro ...
.


Singapore

SMRT Buses trialed a European emission standards, Euro V demonstrator unit in 2010, which proved to be successful and an additional 10 buses were purchased with a follow up order of another 40. In 2010, SBS Transit had made an initial purchase of 300 buses to replace all the remaining Volvo B10M Mark III, as well as a few Volvo B10M Mark IV (Duple Metsec and Walter Alexander Strider), Additional orders were being made to replace all Volvo B10Ms, with another order of 450 (increased to 474) in 2012 and a further 250 (increased to 330) in 2014. By 2017, a grand total of 1,155 Citaro buses have been registered. In 2022, SBS Transit had redeployed several MAN NLxx3F, MAN NL323F buses and Mercedes-Benz O530 Citaro buses to replace Scania K230UBs on cross-border bus routes, which are the last diesel single-deck buses to use in Singapore. Those allocated under the Bus Contracting Model were redeployed to SBS Transit. In March 2020, SBS Transit introduced a Mercedes-Benz Citaro hybrid with C2 bodywork, registered as SG4004B as part of a 1-year trial and transition to sustainable transport. It was deployed on service 93 and 272, and had returned to Mercedes-Benz in 2021, which is due to the subsequent transition to the electric Citaro fleet in the future.


Oceania


Australia

In Australia, between September 2004 and September 2007, Transperth trialled three
hydrogen Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, an ...
powered O530BZs. One was preserved by the Bus Preservation Society of Western Australia with the other two scrapped at the end of the trial. In 2016, Brisbane Transport trialled a Citaro demonstrator.


Middle East


Saudi Arabia

The Saudi Public Transport Company (SAPTCO), in a joint venture with RATP Group, placed an order for 200 Citaros and 400 Citaro Gs on 16 May 2017. These Citaros are specially adapted for use in the hot desert conditions of Saudi Arabia, with an uprated air conditioning system, circulating air blowers in the doors and double-glazed, darkened side windows. The first vehicles were due for delivery in 2018.


United Arab Emirates

By 2009, 180 Citaros had been delivered to the city of Al Ain.


North America


United States

In 2008, the MTA Regional Bus Operations, MTA of New York City trialled a Citaro G Facelift bendy bus.


Latin America

In Latin America, Citaros are not present in large quantities in public transport systems.


Chile

Currently in Santiago, Santiago, Chile, operates a single bus on line 104 of Red Metropolitana de Movilidad since 2020.


Mexico

Mexico City has 14 Spanish-built Citaros for the BRT Internal System of UNAM.


References


External links

* * {{Mercedes-Benz Articulated buses Battery electric buses Buses of Germany Fuel cell buses Full-size buses Hybrid electric buses Low-entry buses Low-floor buses Mercedes-Benz buses, Citaro Tri-axle buses Vehicles introduced in 1997